@misc{zhang2023,
title = {Isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) dating of a speleothem from Bleßberg Cave},
author = {J. Zhang and J. Klose and M. Sierralta and S. Tsukamoto and D. Scholz and N. Marwan and S. Breitenbach},
editor = {17th International Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating conference (LED2023), Copenhagen (Denmark)},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-29},
urldate = {2023-06-29},
abstract = {The calcite thermoluminescence (TL) signal (280 °C peak) saturates at much higher doses (saturation dose up to 5000 Gy) compared to quartz and feldspar, which shows great potential to extend the dating limit. However, spurious TL signal occurred at the high temperature range hindered its application. The conventional multiple-aliquot additive-dose (MAAD) protocol used for TL dating applies extrapolation for equivalent dose (De) estimation, which also has large error. Isothermal TL (ITL) dating with the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol might be a promising way as it reduces the influence of the spurious TL signal, and it applies interpolation to obtain the De. However, this protocol has not been tested on samples with independent age control.
This study tests the ITL SAR dating protocol on a speleothem sample from Bleßberg cave, which has been accurately dated with 230Th/U (ca. 320–425 ka). ITL measurement at 235 °C for 200 °C can remove the 280 °C TL peak completely without TL contribution from higher temperature range. ITL De shows a plateau when the ITL temperature varies between 230 °C and 240 °C. Peak shifting and isothermal annealing tests indicate the 280 °C TL peak has a lifetime of tens of millions years at 10 °C, which is stable enough for the age range of this speleothem sample. The accurate alpha efficiency (α-value) and the U, Th distribution within the sample are measured to estimate the dose rate. The dose rate variation with time due to U-series disequilibrium is corrected for. The ITL ages are compared with the 230Th/U ages to evaluate the performance of the ITL dating protocol.},
note = {17th International Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating conference (LED2023), Copenhagen (Denmark)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
The calcite thermoluminescence (TL) signal (280 °C peak) saturates at much higher doses (saturation dose up to 5000 Gy) compared to quartz and feldspar, which shows great potential to extend the dating limit. However, spurious TL signal occurred at the high temperature range hindered its application. The conventional multiple-aliquot additive-dose (MAAD) protocol used for TL dating applies extrapolation for equivalent dose (De) estimation, which also has large error. Isothermal TL (ITL) dating with the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol might be a promising way as it reduces the influence of the spurious TL signal, and it applies interpolation to obtain the De. However, this protocol has not been tested on samples with independent age control.
This study tests the ITL SAR dating protocol on a speleothem sample from Bleßberg cave, which has been accurately dated with 230Th/UU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. (ca. 320–425 kaka BPMit "ka BP" sind "Tausend Jahre vor 1950" gemeint. Das "BP" steht für "before present", was in der Paläoklima-Wissenschaft als 1950 festgelegt wurde. "11.000 ka BP" bedeuted also 11 Tausend Jahre vor 1950, oder unter Verwendung unseres gewohnten Kalenders: 9050 v. Chr.). ITL measurement at 235 °C for 200 °C can remove the 280 °C TL peak completely without TL contribution from higher temperature range. ITL De shows a plateau when the ITL temperature varies between 230 °C and 240 °C. Peak shifting and isothermal annealing tests indicate the 280 °C TL peak has a lifetime of tens of millions years at 10 °C, which is stable enough for the age range of this speleothem sample. The accurate alpha efficiency (α-value) and the U, Th distribution within the sample are measured to estimate the dose rate. The dose rate variation with time due to U-series disequilibrium is corrected for. The ITL ages are compared with the 230Th/U ages to evaluate the performance of the ITL dating protocol.
230Th/UU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. – DatierungDatierungUm einem Stalagmiten oder gar einer einzelnen Wachstumslage im Stalagmiten ein Alter zuordnen zu können, muß eine Datierung durchgeführt werden. Dies erfolgt in der Regel radiometrisch, d. h. über die Messung von Zerfallsprodukten (siehe auch U/Th-Datierung). eines Speläothems der Marinen IsotopenstadienMIS"MIS" ist die Abkürzung für "marine isotope stage", übersetzt also "Isotopenstadium mariner Sedimente". Da sich beim Wechsel von Warm- zu Kaltzeiten (und umgekehrt) die Isotopenverhältnisse in den Kalkschalen kleiner Einzeller (Foraminiferen) auf dem Meeresboden ändern, werden diese zur Datierung herangezogen und lassen sich zur Eingruppierung verschiedener Klimazustände in der Vergangenheit nutzen. Die MIS werden rückwärts nummeriert (also größere Zahl = älter) und ungerade Zahlen stehen für Warmzeiten, gerade für Kaltzeiten. 9 und 11 aus der Bleßberghöhle in Thüringen Bachelor Thesis
@bachelorthesis{geier2022,
title = {^{230}Th/U – Datierung eines Speläothems der Marinen Isotopenstadien 9 und 11 aus der Bleßberghöhle in Thüringen},
author = {Florian Geier},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-01},
urldate = {2022-06-01},
school = {Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität},
abstract = {Im Zuge des gegenwärtigen Klimawandels gewinnen Rekonstruktionen des vergangenen Klimas zunehmend an Bedeutung, da durch sie klimatische Entwicklungen besser verstanden werden können. Speläotheme bilden ein terrestrisches Archiv, welche mittels der 230Th/U-Datierung absolut und sehr präzise datiert werden können. Die datierten Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen liefern unmittelbar Rückschlüsse auf vergangene klimatische Gegebenheiten, da ihr Wachstum von der Tropfwasser- und damit der Niederschlagswasserverfügbarkeit abhängen. Aus diesen Wachstumsphasen lassen sich wärmere und feuchtere Zeiträume abgrenzen (Interglaziale). Der Stalagmit BB2‘1 aus der Bleßberghöhle im südlichen Thüringen wurde mit dieser Methode datiert. Sein Wachstum fand in den Interglazialen Marines Isoptenstadium (MIS) 11e-c und MIS 9e statt. Besonders im MIS 11e wurde viel Wachstum des BB2‘1 verzeichnet. Im Vergleich mit anderen Klimaarchiven können die klimatischen Bedingungen um die Bleßberghöhle in einen globalen Kontext gesetzt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass das Klima um die Bleßberghöhle an globale, klimatische Veränderungen gekoppelt war und sehr früh auf diese reagierte.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {bachelorthesis}
}
Im Zuge des gegenwärtigen Klimawandels gewinnen Rekonstruktionen des vergangenen Klimas zunehmend an Bedeutung, da durch sie klimatische Entwicklungen besser verstanden werden können. SpeläothemeSpeläothemSekundäre Mineralablagerungen in Höhlen, wie Sinter, Stalagmiten, Stalaktiten, usw. bilden ein terrestrisches Archiv, welche mittels der 230Th/U-Datierung absolut und sehr präzise datiert werden können. Die datierten Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen liefern unmittelbar Rückschlüsse auf vergangene klimatische Gegebenheiten, da ihr Wachstum von der Tropfwasser- und damit der Niederschlagswasserverfügbarkeit abhängen. Aus diesen Wachstumsphasen lassen sich wärmere und feuchtere Zeiträume abgrenzen (Interglaziale). Der Stalagmit BB2‘1 aus der Bleßberghöhle im südlichen Thüringen wurde mit dieser Methode datiert. Sein Wachstum fand in den Interglazialen Marines Isoptenstadium (MISMIS"MIS" ist die Abkürzung für "marine isotope stage", übersetzt also "Isotopenstadium mariner Sedimente". Da sich beim Wechsel von Warm- zu Kaltzeiten (und umgekehrt) die Isotopenverhältnisse in den Kalkschalen kleiner Einzeller (Foraminiferen) auf dem Meeresboden ändern, werden diese zur Datierung herangezogen und lassen sich zur Eingruppierung verschiedener Klimazustände in der Vergangenheit nutzen. Die MIS werden rückwärts nummeriert (also größere Zahl = älter) und ungerade Zahlen stehen für Warmzeiten, gerade für Kaltzeiten.) 11e-c und MIS 9e statt. Besonders im MIS 11e wurde viel Wachstum des BB2‘1 verzeichnet. Im Vergleich mit anderen Klimaarchiven können die klimatischen Bedingungen um die Bleßberghöhle in einen globalen Kontext gesetzt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass das Klima um die Bleßberghöhle an globale, klimatische Veränderungen gekoppelt war und sehr früh auf diese reagierte.
@inproceedings{sierralta2015,
title = {Insights in Bleßberg cave: Speleothem chronology and geochemical research},
author = {Melanie Sierralta and Lutz Katzschmann and Wilhelm Nikonow and Dieter Rammlmair},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-23},
booktitle = {75. Jahrestagung der Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in Hannover},
abstract = {During construction works on the railway network between Ebensfeld and Erfurt a karst cave was found in the Bleßberg tunnel. The so called „Bleßberg Cave“ developed in limestone of the Lower Muschelkalk. The investigations by the Geological Survey of Thuringia (TLUG), the mining agency of Thuringia, and the incorporated society of cave explorer in Thuringia revealed impressing objects (stalagmites, stalactites, sinter, excentriques, cave lake, cave creek), which were partly sampled; furthermore the extent of the cave was measured. The more than 1000 m long cave had no natural entrance. Based on interdisciplinary studies on the sampled material information about the development and age of the cave will be obtained. Speleothem represent an impressive and unique archive for climate and palaeoenvironmental changes. The growth of stalagmites can be linked to warm climate phases of past. In these warm stages, the growth of stalagmites depends on the precipitation and the water supply; thus palaeoenvironmental conditions are preserved. The aim of this study is to decode the environmental condi- tions using high resolution techniques. Selected stalagmites and sinters were radiometrically dated by 230Th/U and analysed for their stable isotopic compositions. Furthermore, micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate trace element dis- tribution and identify growth phases of the speleothem. Most elements revealed the layered texture of the specimen while distribution of Al recorded the fractures. Some visibly identified hiatuses could be associated with changes in chemistry (Si, Fe). The determined 230Th/U ages on several speleothem samples range between 6 ka and 360 ka. In combination with high res- olution stable isotope investigation they provide insights into climatic changes from MIS 11 to the Holocene.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
During construction works on the railway network between Ebensfeld and Erfurt a karst cave was found in the Bleßberg tunnel. The so called „Bleßberg Cave“ developed in limestone of the Lower Muschelkalk. The investigations by the Geological Survey of Thuringia (TLUG), the mining agency of Thuringia, and the incorporated society of cave explorer in Thuringia revealed impressing objects (stalagmites, stalactites, sinter, excentriques, cave lake, cave creek), which were partly sampled; furthermore the extent of the cave was measured. The more than 1000 m long cave had no natural entrance. Based on interdisciplinary studies on the sampled material information about the development and age of the cave will be obtained. Speleothem represent an impressive and unique archive for climate and palaeoenvironmental changes. The growth of stalagmites can be linked to warm climate phases of past. In these warm stages, the growth of stalagmites depends on the precipitation and the water supply; thus palaeoenvironmental conditions are preserved. The aim of this study is to decode the environmental condi- tions using high resolution techniques. Selected stalagmites and sinters were radiometrically dated by 230Th/U and analysed for their stable isotopic compositions. Furthermore, micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate trace element dis- tribution and identify growth phases of the speleothem. Most elements revealed the layered texture of the specimen while distribution of Al recorded the fractures. Some visibly identified hiatuses could be associated with changes in chemistry (Si, Fe). The determined 230Th/U ages on several speleothem samples range between 6 ka and 360 ka. In combination with high res- olution stable isotopeIsotopChemische Elemente können aus verschieden aufgebauten Atomen gebildet sein. Die Anzahl Protonen im Atomkern ist zwar dabei gleich, aber die Anzahl der Neutronen kann variieren. Man spricht dann von Isotopen, deren Massen kleine, aber messbare Unterschiede aufweisen. Der Atomkern des Sauerstoffs besteht z. B. aus 8 Protonen und in der Regel aus 8 Neutronen. Es gibt aber auch Sauerstoff, dessen Kerne aus 8 Protonen und 9 oder 10 Neutronen bestehen (neben selteneren, instabilen Sauerstoffisotopen). Um das zu kennzeichnen, gibt man zusätzlich zum chemischen Symbol noch die Massenzahl (Summe aus Protonen und Neutronen) an, also 16O, 17O oder 18O. Die unterschiedlichen Isotope verhalten sich zwar chemisch identisch, physikalisch aber - aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen Gewichtes - leicht unterschiedlich. Damit stellen sie äusserst wertvolle Marker dar, die uns wichtige Hinweise zur Änderung des Klimas, der Umgebungsvegetation, Bodenaktivität und vielem mehr geben. investigation they provide insights into climatic changes from MIS 11 to the Holocene.
Some initial investigations on BB2-1 from the Blessberg Cave 2 were already performed at the LIAG in 2014/15, such as age dating, initial trace element and oxygen isotope analyses. Thus the approximate age of the stalagmite was known: 360 to 301 ka BPka BPMit "ka BP" sind "Tausend Jahre vor 1950" gemeint. Das "BP" steht für "before present", was in der Paläoklima-Wissenschaft als 1950 festgelegt wurde. "11.000 ka BP" bedeuted also 11 Tausend Jahre vor 1950, oder unter Verwendung unseres gewohnten Kalenders: 9050 v. Chr..
In 2022, as part of a bachelor thesis at the University of Mainz, the stalagmite BB2-1 was systematically dated and the new ages evaluated. For this purpose, 14 dating samples were taken and dated in the Isotope Geochemical Palaeoclimatology working group at the University of Mainz by means of U/ThU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. dating on a more modern system than at LIAG. Possible detritical content were taken into account and the ages corrected accordingly. The ages are, therefore, significantly more accurate than those already known.
The oldest age was found at the base of the stalagmite, as expected. It is 425.46 ± 5.43 ka BP. The youngest age, at the top of the stalagmite, is 320.49 ± 9.58 ka BP. The ages in between do not change uniformly. In the lower 4/5 of the stalagmite, all ages are older than 400 ka BP. Only in the upper fifth of the stalagmite the ages are significantly younger and range between 341.31 and 320.49 ka BP.
Stalagmite BB2/1 with drill sites (red) of the individual samples with the measured and corrected ages.
This allows us to define the growth phases of the stalagmite: The lower, larger part grew in isotope stage 11, the upper, younger part in isotope stage 9. Both stages are warm periods. The stalgamite did not grow in the cold periods before, in between, and after. It is interesting that growth only occurred in the beginning phases of these warm periods, which are warmer than the following phases within the isotope stage in question (growth in MIS 11e to 11c as well as in MIS 9e). After that, no more stalagmite growth took place, not even in more recent warm periods, which suggests a change in the hydrological conditions.
Development and application of dating methods based on luminescence and electron spin resonance (ESRElektronenspinresonanz-DatierungEine physikalische Datierungsmethode, die darauf beruht, daß die Menge magnetischer Anomalien im Probenmaterial proportional zur Lagerungszeit im Sediment ist.) methods. Using samples from the Blessberg Cave, thermoluminescence (TL) dating of speleothems is being tested, which has the potential to date calcite up to ~2 million years.
Furthermore, it is planned to date cave sediments.
How are U/ThU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. dating of cave carbonates in Europe distributed over time and space? Can these be used to spatiotemporally constrain permafrostPermafrostUnter Permafrost versteht man dauerhaft gefrorenen Boden, der auch im Sommer nicht auftaut. In Mitteleuropa gab es während den Eiszeiten Permafrost. in Europe?
The IsotopeIsotopChemische Elemente können aus verschieden aufgebauten Atomen gebildet sein. Die Anzahl Protonen im Atomkern ist zwar dabei gleich, aber die Anzahl der Neutronen kann variieren. Man spricht dann von Isotopen, deren Massen kleine, aber messbare Unterschiede aufweisen. Der Atomkern des Sauerstoffs besteht z. B. aus 8 Protonen und in der Regel aus 8 Neutronen. Es gibt aber auch Sauerstoff, dessen Kerne aus 8 Protonen und 9 oder 10 Neutronen bestehen (neben selteneren, instabilen Sauerstoffisotopen). Um das zu kennzeichnen, gibt man zusätzlich zum chemischen Symbol noch die Massenzahl (Summe aus Protonen und Neutronen) an, also 16O, 17O oder 18O. Die unterschiedlichen Isotope verhalten sich zwar chemisch identisch, physikalisch aber - aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen Gewichtes - leicht unterschiedlich. Damit stellen sie äusserst wertvolle Marker dar, die uns wichtige Hinweise zur Änderung des Klimas, der Umgebungsvegetation, Bodenaktivität und vielem mehr geben.-geochemical Palaeoclimatology/Speleothem Research Group exists since September 2009 and is led by Prof. Dr. Denis Scholz. The major goal of the group is the reconstruction of past climate variability. We mainly use speleothems, such as stalagmites, stalactites and flowstones, as climate archives, which are secondary carbonates found in caves.
The group performs research in the Bleßberg Cave by dating and geochemical analyses of stalagmites.
Klose, J.; Scholz, D.; Weber, M.; Vonhof, H.; Plessen, B.; Breitenbach, S.; Marwan, N.
Timing and progression of Dansgaard-Oeschger events in Central Europe based on three precisely dated speleothems from Bleßberg Cave, Germany Proceedings
@proceedings{klose2023,
title = {Timing and progression of Dansgaard-Oeschger events in Central Europe based on three precisely dated speleothems from Bleßberg Cave, Germany},
author = {J. Klose and D. Scholz and M. Weber and H. Vonhof and B. Plessen and S. Breitenbach and N. Marwan},
editor = {XXI INQUA Conference, Rome (Italy)},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-19},
urldate = {2023-07-19},
abstract = {Speleothems can be dated with unprecedented precision using U-series disequilibrium methods and provide numerous climate proxies, such as stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon isotopes (δ13C) or trace elements, resulting in long, sometimes continuous climate proxy records. Therefore, speleothems have great potential for reconstruction of past climate variability during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and precise determination of the timing and duration of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. While first discovered in Greenland ice cores, various speleothem records around the globe provided clear evidence for the supra-regional character of the D/O events. However, MIS 3 speleothem records from Central Europe are very limited. Here we present three spleothem (flowstone) MIS 3 records from Bleßberg Cave, Germany.
All flowstones show episodic growth with distinctive, partially very thin (<2 mm) growth phases, interrupted by visible hiatuses consisting of detrital material. Precise and accurate 230Th/U dating of the individual growth phases is challenging due to potential detrital contamination from these layers. Combining different sampling and analytical techniques, we were able to date even the thinnest growth layers with very high precision, i.e., 2σ-age uncertainties of at most a few hundred years.
The timing of the growth phases aligns with several D/O events, which have not been recorded in other Central European speleothems yet. The δ18O and δ13C records of all three flowstones are highly correlated which suggests a dominant process influencing both isotope systems. Comparison with the Sr and Mg records provides evidence for a strong influence of Prior Calcite Precipitation (PCP) in the aquifer above and inside the cave on the stable isotope and trace element signals. In addition, all proxy records are interpreted as evidence for past changes in precipitation and vegetation density and document a clear trend from more humid climate during early MIS 3 (ca. 57 – 50 ka) to less humid conditions during mid and late MIS 3 (ca. 45 – 30 ka).
Our multi-proxy approach thus allows us not only to precisely determine the timing, duration, and progression of several D/O events, but also to deepen our general understanding of climate variability during MIS 3 in Central Europe.},
howpublished = {Poster},
note = {XXI INQUA Conference, Rome (Italy)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Speleothems can be dated with unprecedented precision using U-series disequilibrium methods and provide numerous climate proxiesProxyUmwelt- und Klimainformationen aus der Vergangenheit sind nicht direkt verfügbar, weil niemand da war, der diese messen und aufzeichnen konnte. Daher ist man darauf angewiesen, diese Informationen indirekt aus anderen Informationen abzuleiten, wie z. B. Baumringe, das Verhältnis von Sauerstoffisotopen, Spurenelementen, Mächtigkeit von Sedimentschichten usw. Diese Art von Daten nennt man Proxies, was aus dem englischen stammt und „Stellvertreter“ bedeutet., such as stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon isotopes (δ13C) or trace elements, resulting in long, sometimes continuous climate proxyProxyUmwelt- und Klimainformationen aus der Vergangenheit sind nicht direkt verfügbar, weil niemand da war, der diese messen und aufzeichnen konnte. Daher ist man darauf angewiesen, diese Informationen indirekt aus anderen Informationen abzuleiten, wie z. B. Baumringe, das Verhältnis von Sauerstoffisotopen, Spurenelementen, Mächtigkeit von Sedimentschichten usw. Diese Art von Daten nennt man Proxies, was aus dem englischen stammt und „Stellvertreter“ bedeutet. records. Therefore, speleothems have great potential for reconstruction of past climate variability during Marine Isotope Stage (MISMIS"MIS" ist die Abkürzung für "marine isotope stage", übersetzt also "Isotopenstadium mariner Sedimente". Da sich beim Wechsel von Warm- zu Kaltzeiten (und umgekehrt) die Isotopenverhältnisse in den Kalkschalen kleiner Einzeller (Foraminiferen) auf dem Meeresboden ändern, werden diese zur Datierung herangezogen und lassen sich zur Eingruppierung verschiedener Klimazustände in der Vergangenheit nutzen. Die MIS werden rückwärts nummeriert (also größere Zahl = älter) und ungerade Zahlen stehen für Warmzeiten, gerade für Kaltzeiten.) 3 and precise determination of the timing and duration of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. While first discovered in Greenland ice cores, various speleothem records around the globe provided clear evidence for the supra-regional character of the D/O events. However, MIS 3MIS 3"MIS" ist die Abkürzung für "marine isotope stage", übersetzt also "Isotopenstadium mariner Sedimente". Da sich beim Wechsel von Warm- zu Kaltzeiten (und umgekehrt) die Isotopenverhältnisse in den Kalkschalen kleiner Einzeller (Foraminiferen) auf dem Meeresboden ändern, werden diese zur Datierung herangezogen und lassen sich zur Eingruppierung verschiedener Klimazustände in der Vergangenheit nutzen. "MIS 3" bedeutet dabei eine kurzzeitige Warmphase (beginnend vor 57 Tausend Jahren) während der letzten Eiszeit. speleothem records from Central Europe are very limited. Here we present three spleothem (flowstone) MIS 3 records from Bleßberg Cave, Germany.
All flowstones show episodic growth with distinctive, partially very thin (<2 mm) growth phases, interrupted by visible hiatuses consisting of detrital material. Precise and accurate 230Th/UU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. dating of the individual growth phases is challenging due to potential detrital contamination from these layers. Combining different sampling and analytical techniques, we were able to date even the thinnest growth layers with very high precision, i.e., 2σ-age uncertainties of at most a few hundred years.
The timing of the growth phases aligns with several D/O events, which have not been recorded in other Central European speleothems yet. The δ18O and δ13C records of all three flowstones are highly correlated which suggests a dominant process influencing both isotope systems. Comparison with the Sr and Mg records provides evidence for a strong influence of Prior Calcite Precipitation (PCP) in the aquifer above and inside the cave on the stable isotope and trace element signals. In addition, all proxy records are interpreted as evidence for past changes in precipitation and vegetation density and document a clear trend from more humid climate during early MIS 3 (ca. 57 – 50 kaka BPMit "ka BP" sind "Tausend Jahre vor 1950" gemeint. Das "BP" steht für "before present", was in der Paläoklima-Wissenschaft als 1950 festgelegt wurde. "11.000 ka BP" bedeuted also 11 Tausend Jahre vor 1950, oder unter Verwendung unseres gewohnten Kalenders: 9050 v. Chr.) to less humid conditions during mid and late MIS 3 (ca. 45 – 30 ka).
Our multi-proxyProxyUmwelt- und Klimainformationen aus der Vergangenheit sind nicht direkt verfügbar, weil niemand da war, der diese messen und aufzeichnen konnte. Daher ist man darauf angewiesen, diese Informationen indirekt aus anderen Informationen abzuleiten, wie z. B. Baumringe, das Verhältnis von Sauerstoffisotopen, Spurenelementen, Mächtigkeit von Sedimentschichten usw. Diese Art von Daten nennt man Proxies, was aus dem englischen stammt und „Stellvertreter“ bedeutet. approach thus allows us not only to precisely determine the timing, duration, and progression of several D/O events, but also to deepen our general understanding of climate variability during MIS 3 in Central Europe.
230Th/UU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. – DatierungDatierungUm einem Stalagmiten oder gar einer einzelnen Wachstumslage im Stalagmiten ein Alter zuordnen zu können, muß eine Datierung durchgeführt werden. Dies erfolgt in der Regel radiometrisch, d. h. über die Messung von Zerfallsprodukten (siehe auch U/Th-Datierung). eines Speläothems der Marinen IsotopenstadienMIS"MIS" ist die Abkürzung für "marine isotope stage", übersetzt also "Isotopenstadium mariner Sedimente". Da sich beim Wechsel von Warm- zu Kaltzeiten (und umgekehrt) die Isotopenverhältnisse in den Kalkschalen kleiner Einzeller (Foraminiferen) auf dem Meeresboden ändern, werden diese zur Datierung herangezogen und lassen sich zur Eingruppierung verschiedener Klimazustände in der Vergangenheit nutzen. Die MIS werden rückwärts nummeriert (also größere Zahl = älter) und ungerade Zahlen stehen für Warmzeiten, gerade für Kaltzeiten. 9 und 11 aus der Bleßberghöhle in Thüringen Bachelor Thesis
@bachelorthesis{geier2022,
title = {^{230}Th/U – Datierung eines Speläothems der Marinen Isotopenstadien 9 und 11 aus der Bleßberghöhle in Thüringen},
author = {Florian Geier},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-01},
urldate = {2022-06-01},
school = {Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität},
abstract = {Im Zuge des gegenwärtigen Klimawandels gewinnen Rekonstruktionen des vergangenen Klimas zunehmend an Bedeutung, da durch sie klimatische Entwicklungen besser verstanden werden können. Speläotheme bilden ein terrestrisches Archiv, welche mittels der 230Th/U-Datierung absolut und sehr präzise datiert werden können. Die datierten Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen liefern unmittelbar Rückschlüsse auf vergangene klimatische Gegebenheiten, da ihr Wachstum von der Tropfwasser- und damit der Niederschlagswasserverfügbarkeit abhängen. Aus diesen Wachstumsphasen lassen sich wärmere und feuchtere Zeiträume abgrenzen (Interglaziale). Der Stalagmit BB2‘1 aus der Bleßberghöhle im südlichen Thüringen wurde mit dieser Methode datiert. Sein Wachstum fand in den Interglazialen Marines Isoptenstadium (MIS) 11e-c und MIS 9e statt. Besonders im MIS 11e wurde viel Wachstum des BB2‘1 verzeichnet. Im Vergleich mit anderen Klimaarchiven können die klimatischen Bedingungen um die Bleßberghöhle in einen globalen Kontext gesetzt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass das Klima um die Bleßberghöhle an globale, klimatische Veränderungen gekoppelt war und sehr früh auf diese reagierte.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {bachelorthesis}
}
Im Zuge des gegenwärtigen Klimawandels gewinnen Rekonstruktionen des vergangenen Klimas zunehmend an Bedeutung, da durch sie klimatische Entwicklungen besser verstanden werden können. SpeläothemeSpeläothemSekundäre Mineralablagerungen in Höhlen, wie Sinter, Stalagmiten, Stalaktiten, usw. bilden ein terrestrisches Archiv, welche mittels der 230Th/U-Datierung absolut und sehr präzise datiert werden können. Die datierten Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen liefern unmittelbar Rückschlüsse auf vergangene klimatische Gegebenheiten, da ihr Wachstum von der Tropfwasser- und damit der Niederschlagswasserverfügbarkeit abhängen. Aus diesen Wachstumsphasen lassen sich wärmere und feuchtere Zeiträume abgrenzen (Interglaziale). Der Stalagmit BB2‘1 aus der Bleßberghöhle im südlichen Thüringen wurde mit dieser Methode datiert. Sein Wachstum fand in den Interglazialen Marines Isoptenstadium (MIS) 11e-c und MIS 9e statt. Besonders im MIS 11e wurde viel Wachstum des BB2‘1 verzeichnet. Im Vergleich mit anderen Klimaarchiven können die klimatischen Bedingungen um die Bleßberghöhle in einen globalen Kontext gesetzt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass das Klima um die Bleßberghöhle an globale, klimatische Veränderungen gekoppelt war und sehr früh auf diese reagierte.
@article{breitenbach2019,
title = {Holocene interaction of maritime and continental climate in Central Europe: New speleothem evidence from Central Germany},
author = {Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach and Birgit Plessen and Sarah Waltgenbach and Rik Tjallingii and Jens Leonhardt and Klaus-Peter Jochum and Hanno Meyer and Bedartha Goswami and Norbert Marwan and Denis Scholz},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.03.007},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-00-00},
journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
volume = {176},
pages = {144–161},
abstract = {Central European climate is strongly influenced by North Atlantic (Westerlies) and Siberian High circulation patterns, which govern precipitation and temperature dynamics and induce heterogeneous climatic conditions, with distinct boundaries between climate zones. These climate boundaries are not stationary and shift geographically, depending on long-term atmospheric conditions. So far, little is known about past shifts of these climate boundaries and the local to regional environmental response prior to the instrumental era.
High resolution multi-proxy data (stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, S/Ca and Sr/Ca) from two Holocene stalagmites from Bleßberg Cave (Thuringia) are used here to differentiate local and pan-regional environmental and climatic conditions Central Germany through the Holocene. Carbon isotope and S/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios inform us on local Holocene environmental changes in and around the cave, while δ18O (when combined with independent records) serves as proxy for (pan-)regional atmospheric conditions.
The stable carbon isotope record suggests repeated changes in vegetation density (open vs. dense forest), and increasing forest cover in the late Holocene. Concurrently, decreasing S/Ca values indicate more effective sulfur retention in better developed soils, with a stabilization in the mid-Holocene. This goes in hand with changes in effective summer infiltration, reflected in the Sr/Ca profile. Highest Sr/Ca values between 4 ka and 1 ka BP indicate intensified prior calcite precipitation resulting from reduced effective moisture supply.
The region of Bleßberg Cave is sensitive to shifts of the boundary between maritime (Cfb) and continental (Dfb) climate and ideally suited to reconstruct past meridional shifts of this divide. We combined the Bleßberg Cave δ18O time series with δ18O data from Bunker Cave (western Germany) and a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) record from lake SS1220 (SW Greenland) to reconstruct the mean position of the Cfb-Dfb climate boundary. We further estimate the dynamic interplay of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Siberian High and their influence on Central European climate. Repeated shifts of the Cfb-Dfb boundary over the last 4000 years might explain previously observed discrepancies between proxy records from Europe. Detailed correlation analyses reveal multi-centennial scale alternations of maritime and continental climate and, concurrently, waning and waxing influences of Siberian High and NAO on Central Europe.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Central European climate is strongly influenced by North Atlantic (Westerlies) and Siberian High circulation patterns, which govern precipitation and temperature dynamics and induce heterogeneous climatic conditions, with distinct boundaries between climate zones. These climate boundaries are not stationary and shift geographically, depending on long-term atmospheric conditions. So far, little is known about past shifts of these climate boundaries and the local to regional environmental response prior to the instrumental era.
High resolution multi-proxy data (stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, S/Ca and Sr/Ca) from two Holocene stalagmites from Bleßberg Cave (Thuringia) are used here to differentiate local and pan-regional environmental and climatic conditions Central Germany through the Holocene. Carbon isotope and S/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios inform us on local Holocene environmental changes in and around the cave, while δ18O (when combined with independent records) serves as proxy for (pan-)regional atmospheric conditions.
The stable carbon isotope record suggests repeated changes in vegetation density (open vs. dense forest), and increasing forest cover in the late Holocene. Concurrently, decreasing S/Ca values indicate more effective sulfur retention in better developed soils, with a stabilization in the mid-Holocene. This goes in hand with changes in effective summer infiltration, reflected in the Sr/Ca profile. Highest Sr/Ca values between 4 ka and 1 ka BPka BPMit "ka BP" sind "Tausend Jahre vor 1950" gemeint. Das "BP" steht für "before present", was in der Paläoklima-Wissenschaft als 1950 festgelegt wurde. "11.000 ka BP" bedeuted also 11 Tausend Jahre vor 1950, oder unter Verwendung unseres gewohnten Kalenders: 9050 v. Chr. indicate intensified prior calcite precipitation resulting from reduced effective moisture supply.
The region of Bleßberg Cave is sensitive to shifts of the boundary between maritime (Cfb) and continental (Dfb) climate and ideally suited to reconstruct past meridional shifts of this divide. We combined the Bleßberg Cave δ18O time series with δ18O data from Bunker Cave (western Germany) and a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) record from lake SS1220 (SW Greenland) to reconstruct the mean position of the Cfb-Dfb climate boundary. We further estimate the dynamic interplay of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Siberian High and their influence on Central European climate. Repeated shifts of the Cfb-Dfb boundary over the last 4000 years might explain previously observed discrepancies between proxy records from Europe. Detailed correlation analyses reveal multi-centennial scale alternations of maritime and continental climate and, concurrently, waning and waxing influences of Siberian High and NAO on Central Europe.
@inproceedings{breitenbach2018,
title = {Tracing past shifts of the boundary between maritime and continental climate over Central Europe},
author = {Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach and Birgit Plessen and Sarah Waltgenbach and Rik Tjallingii and Jens Leonhardt and Klaus-Peter Jochum and Hanno Meyer and Norbert Marwan and Denis Scholz},
url = {https://bbh.pik-potsdam.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EGU2018-9046.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
volume = {20},
pages = {EGU2018-9046},
abstract = { European climate is characterized by heterogeneous climate conditions, with distinct boundaries between zones that can be classified according to the Köppen classification (Peel et al. 2007), and detected using climate network techniques (Rheinwalt et al. 2016). These boundaries are not stationary, but shift geographically, depending on large scale atmospheric conditions. Central European climate is strongly influenced by intricately linked North Atlantic Oscillation and Siberian High (SH), which govern precipitation and temperature over Europe. Shifts of these climatic boundaries in response to global warming and circulation changes might lead to more frequent extreme weather patterns like heat waves, with significant repercussions for society (Cohen et al. 2014). Speleothem-based palaeoclimate reconstructions enable us to understand underlying forcing mechanisms and speed of climatic reorganizations. Here we present a first reconstruction of multi-centennial shifts of the boundary between western European maritime Cfb climate and continental Dfb climate through the last ca. 5,000 years using speleothems from Bleßberg Cave, Thuringia, Central Europe. Thanks to its location near the Cfb-Dfb climatic boundary, Bleßberg Cave is ideally suited to reconstruct past W-E shifts of this divide longitudinally crossing Central Europe. We compare a decadally resolved stalagmite δ18O record with data from Bunker Cave (Mischel et al. 2017), western Germany, and an NAO reconstruction from Greenland (Olsen et al. 2012). Over the last 5,000 years, the boundary between Cfb and Dfb climate shifted repeatedly. When the Cfb-Dfb border was east (west) of Bleßberg (Bunker) Cave maritime (continental) climate prevailed at both sites. Discrepancies between investigated proxy records are found when the boundary is located between the two caves. Comparison with the Greenland NAO record shows that a westerly shifted boundary is often associated with a strong SH and a negative NAO. An easterly shift, in contrast, is found to be linked with weak a SH and a positive NAO.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
European climate is characterized by heterogeneous climate conditions, with distinct boundaries between zones that can be classified according to the Köppen classification (Peel et al. 2007), and detected using climate network techniques (Rheinwalt et al. 2016). These boundaries are not stationary, but shift geographically, depending on large scale atmospheric conditions. Central European climate is strongly influenced by intricately linked North Atlantic Oscillation and Siberian High (SH), which govern precipitation and temperature over Europe. Shifts of these climatic boundaries in response to global warming and circulation changes might lead to more frequent extreme weather patterns like heat waves, with significant repercussions for society (Cohen et al. 2014). Speleothem-based palaeoclimate reconstructions enable us to understand underlying forcing mechanisms and speed of climatic reorganizations. Here we present a first reconstruction of multi-centennial shifts of the boundary between western European maritime Cfb climate and continental Dfb climate through the last ca. 5,000 years using speleothems from Bleßberg Cave, Thuringia, Central Europe. Thanks to its location near the Cfb-Dfb climatic boundary, Bleßberg Cave is ideally suited to reconstruct past W-E shifts of this divide longitudinally crossing Central Europe. We compare a decadally resolved stalagmite δ18O record with data from Bunker Cave (Mischel et al. 2017), western Germany, and an NAO reconstruction from Greenland (Olsen et al. 2012). Over the last 5,000 years, the boundary between Cfb and Dfb climate shifted repeatedly. When the Cfb-Dfb border was east (west) of Bleßberg (Bunker) Cave maritime (continental) climate prevailed at both sites. Discrepancies between investigated proxy records are found when the boundary is located between the two caves. Comparison with the Greenland NAO record shows that a westerly shifted boundary is often associated with a strong SH and a negative NAO. An easterly shift, in contrast, is found to be linked with weak a SH and a positive NAO.
@inproceedings{breitenbach2016,
title = {A multi-proxy reconstruction of Holocene climate change from Blessberg Cave, Germany},
author = {Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach and Birgit Plessen and Sarah Wenz and Jens Leonhardt and Rik Tjallingii and Denis Scholz and Klaus-Peter Jochum and Norbert Marwan},
url = {https://bbh.pik-potsdam.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Breitenbach_poster_EGU_2016.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-01},
booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
volume = {18},
pages = {EGU2016-14213},
abstract = {Although Holocene climate dynamics were relatively stable compared to glacial conditions, climatic changes had significant impact on ecosystems and human society on various timescales (Mayewski et al. 2004, Donges et al. 2015, Tan et al. 2015). Precious few high-resolution records on Holocene temperature and precipitation conditions in Central Europe are available (e.g., von Grafenstein et al. 1999, Fohlmeister et al. 2012).
Here we present a speleothem-based reconstruction of past climate dynamics from Blessberg Cave, Thuringia, central Germany. Three calcitic stalagmites were recovered when the cave was discovered during tunneling operations in 2008. Samples BB-1, -2 and -3 were precisely dated by the 230Th/U-method, with errors between 10 and 160 years (2σ). The combined record covers large parts of the Holocene (10 – 0.4 ka BP). δ13C and δ18O were analysed at 100 μm resolution. To gain additional insights in infiltration conditions, Sr/Ca and S/Ca were measured on BB-1 and BB-3 using an Röntgenanalytik Eagle XXL μXRF scanner.
Differences to other central European records (e.g., von Grafenstein et al. 1999, Fohlmeister et al. 2012) suggest complex interaction between multiple factors influencing speleothem δ18O in Blessberg Cave. Furthermore, no clear influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on our proxies is found. However, a link across the N Atlantic realm is indicated by a centennial-scale correlation between Blessberg δ18O values and minerogenic input into lake SS1220 in Greenland over the last 5 ka (Olsen et al. 2012). In addition, recurrence analysis indicates an imprint of Atlantic Bond events on Blessberg δ18O values (Marwan et al. 2014), corroborating the suggested link with high northern latitudes. Larger runoff into the Greenland lake seems to be associated with lower δ18O, higher δ13C and S/Ca ratios, as well as lower Sr/Ca ratios in Blessberg Cave speleothems. This might be linked to lower local temperature and/or changes in precipitation seasonality. Opposing millennial scale trends with lowering S/Ca ratios and δ13C values but increasing Sr/Ca ratios calls for more than one controlling factor. Most likely, δ13C decreased through the Holocene due to afforestation, which in turn might have increased sulphate retention in the thickening soil cover (Frisia et al. 2005) and limited sulphur flux into the cave. Alternatively, marine sulfur flux could have diminished with winter wind intensities. However, additional data is required to clarify this hypothesis. A positive Sr/Ca trend through the Holocene might result from increasing prior calcite precipitation induced by a negative moisture balance in summer.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Although Holocene climate dynamics were relatively stable compared to glacial conditions, climatic changes had significant impact on ecosystems and human society on various timescales (Mayewski et al. 2004, Donges et al. 2015, Tan et al. 2015). Precious few high-resolution records on Holocene temperature and precipitation conditions in Central Europe are available (e.g., von Grafenstein et al. 1999, Fohlmeister et al. 2012).
Here we present a speleothem-based reconstruction of past climate dynamics from Blessberg Cave, Thuringia, central Germany. Three calcitic stalagmites were recovered when the cave was discovered during tunneling operations in 2008. Samples BB-1, -2 and -3 were precisely dated by the 230Th/U-method, with errors between 10 and 160 years (2σ). The combined record covers large parts of the Holocene (10 – 0.4 ka BP). δ13C and δ18O were analysed at 100 μm resolution. To gain additional insights in infiltration conditions, Sr/Ca and S/Ca were measured on BB-1 and BB-3 using an Röntgenanalytik Eagle XXL μXRF scanner.
Differences to other central European records (e.g., von Grafenstein et al. 1999, Fohlmeister et al. 2012) suggest complex interaction between multiple factors influencing speleothem δ18O in Blessberg Cave. Furthermore, no clear influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on our proxies is found. However, a link across the N Atlantic realm is indicated by a centennial-scale correlation between Blessberg δ18O values and minerogenic input into lake SS1220 in Greenland over the last 5 ka (Olsen et al. 2012). In addition, recurrence analysis indicates an imprint of Atlantic Bond events on Blessberg δ18O values (Marwan et al. 2014), corroborating the suggested link with high northern latitudes. Larger runoff into the Greenland lake seems to be associated with lower δ18O, higher δ13C and S/Ca ratios, as well as lower Sr/Ca ratios in Blessberg Cave speleothems. This might be linked to lower local temperature and/or changes in precipitation seasonality. Opposing millennial scale trends with lowering S/Ca ratios and δ13C values but increasing Sr/Ca ratios calls for more than one controlling factor. Most likely, δ13C decreased through the Holocene due to afforestation, which in turn might have increased sulphate retention in the thickening soil cover (Frisia et al. 2005) and limited sulphur flux into the cave. Alternatively, marine sulfur flux could have diminished with winter wind intensities. However, additional data is required to clarify this hypothesis. A positive Sr/Ca trend through the Holocene might result from increasing prior calcite precipitation induced by a negative moisture balance in summer.
@inproceedings{wenz2016,
title = {Timing and duration of climate variability during the 8.2 ka event reconstructed from four speleothems from Germany},
author = {Sarah Wenz and Denis Scholz and Christoph Spötl and Birgit Plessen and Simon Mischel and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach and Klaus-Peter Jochum and Jens Fohlmeister },
url = {https://bbh.pik-potsdam.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EGU2016-12731.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-01},
booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
volume = {18},
pages = {EGU2016-12731},
abstract = {The most prominent climate anomaly of the Holocene is the 8.2 ka event, which reflects the impact of a dramatic freshwater influx into the North Atlantic during an interglacial climate state. Thus, it can be considered as a possible analogue for future climate change. Due to the short-lived nature of the event (160.5 ± 5.5 years; Thomas et al., 2007), a detailed investigation requires archives of both high temporal resolution and accurate chronology.
We present high-resolution stable oxygen and carbon isotope (ca. 3-4 years) as well as sub-annually resolved trace element records of the 8.2 ka event from stalagmites (BB-3, Bu4, HLK2 and TV1) from three cave systems in Germany (Blessberg Cave, Bunker Cave and Herbstlabyrinth). The location of these caves in central European is well suited in order to detect changes in temperature and precipitation in relation to changes in the North Atlantic region (Fohlmeister et al., 2012). The 8.2 ka event is clearly recorded as a pronounced negative excursion in the δ18O values of all four speleothems. While stalagmites BB-3 from Blessberg Cave and Bu4 from Bunker Cave also show a negative excursion in the δ13C values during the event, the two speleothems from Herbstlabyrinth show no distinctive features in their δ13C values. The timing, duration and structure of the event differ between the individual records. In BB-3, the event occurs earlier (ca. 8.4 ka) and has a relatively short duration of ca. 90 years. In Bu4, the event occurs later (ca. 8.1 ka) and shows a relatively long duration of more than 200 years. In the two speleothems from the Herbstlabyrinth, the event is replicated and has a timing between 8.3 and 8.1 ka and a duration of ca. 150 years. These differences may at least in part be related to the dating uncertainties of 100-200 years (95 % confidence limits).
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The most prominent climate anomaly of the Holocene is the 8.2 ka event, which reflects the impact of a dramatic freshwater influx into the North Atlantic during an interglacial climate state. Thus, it can be considered as a possible analogue for future climate change. Due to the short-lived nature of the event (160.5 ± 5.5 years; Thomas et al., 2007), a detailed investigation requires archives of both high temporal resolution and accurate chronology.
We present high-resolution stable oxygen and carbon isotope (ca. 3-4 years) as well as sub-annually resolved trace element records of the 8.2 ka event from stalagmites (BB-3, Bu4, HLK2 and TV1) from three cave systems in Germany (Blessberg Cave, Bunker Cave and Herbstlabyrinth). The location of these caves in central European is well suited in order to detect changes in temperature and precipitation in relation to changes in the North Atlantic region (Fohlmeister et al., 2012). The 8.2 ka event is clearly recorded as a pronounced negative excursion in the δ18O values of all four speleothems. While stalagmites BB-3 from Blessberg Cave and Bu4 from Bunker Cave also show a negative excursion in the δ13C values during the event, the two speleothems from Herbstlabyrinth show no distinctive features in their δ13C values. The timing, duration and structure of the event differ between the individual records. In BB-3, the event occurs earlier (ca. 8.4 ka) and has a relatively short duration of ca. 90 years. In Bu4, the event occurs later (ca. 8.1 ka) and shows a relatively long duration of more than 200 years. In the two speleothems from the Herbstlabyrinth, the event is replicated and has a timing between 8.3 and 8.1 ka and a duration of ca. 150 years. These differences may at least in part be related to the dating uncertainties of 100-200 years (95 % confidence limits).
@inproceedings{marwan2014,
title = {Recurrence properties as signatures for abrupt climate change},
author = {Norbert Marwan and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach and Birgit Plessen and Denis Scholz and Jens Leonhardt
},
url = {https://bbh.pik-potsdam.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EGU2014-8893.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-04-01},
booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
volume = {16},
pages = {EGU2014-8893},
abstract = { The study of recurrence properties of dynamical systems has been shown to be very successful in characterising typical dynamical behaviour, finding regime transitions, or detecting couplings and synchronisations, even for short, noisy, and nonstationary data, as typical in Earth Sciences. Recurrence plots and their quantifications are powerful techniques for the investigation of recurrence and increasingly attract attention in recent years. We demonstrate the potential of the newly introduced extension of recurrence plot analysis by complex network measures for the detection of abrupt dynamical changes. This method is applied on a Holocene palaeoclimate data set from Central Europe derived from a stalagmite from Blessberg Cave, Thuringia, Germany. The stalagmite δ18O proxy record covers the middle to late Holocene (6000-400 years BP). Dating uncertainties are considered by an ensemble approach derived from the COPRA framework. Characteristic changes in the recurrence properties reflecting regular dynamics coincide well with the occurrence of the Bond events 1, 2, and 3. During Bond events the Central European climate variability appears more regular. The analysis presented here examplifies the potency of quantitative recurrence methods in detecting climatic events, which otherwise remain hidden in the raw proxy time series. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The study of recurrence properties of dynamical systems has been shown to be very successful in characterising typical dynamical behaviour, finding regime transitions, or detecting couplings and synchronisations, even for short, noisy, and nonstationary data, as typical in Earth Sciences. Recurrence plots and their quantifications are powerful techniques for the investigation of recurrence and increasingly attract attention in recent years. We demonstrate the potential of the newly introduced extension of recurrence plot analysis by complex network measures for the detection of abrupt dynamical changes. This method is applied on a Holocene palaeoclimate data set from Central Europe derived from a stalagmite from Blessberg Cave, Thuringia, Germany. The stalagmite δ18O proxy record covers the middle to late Holocene (6000-400 years BPka BPMit "ka BP" sind "Tausend Jahre vor 1950" gemeint. Das "BP" steht für "before present", was in der Paläoklima-Wissenschaft als 1950 festgelegt wurde. "11.000 ka BP" bedeuted also 11 Tausend Jahre vor 1950, oder unter Verwendung unseres gewohnten Kalenders: 9050 v. Chr.). Dating uncertainties are considered by an ensemble approach derived from the COPRA framework. Characteristic changes in the recurrence properties reflecting regular dynamics coincide well with the occurrence of the Bond events 1, 2, and 3. During Bond events the Central European climate variability appears more regular. The analysis presented here examplifies the potency of quantitative recurrence methods in detecting climatic events, which otherwise remain hidden in the raw proxy time series.
The LIAG is a non-university research institute in Hanover, which is concerned with the exploration of the usable subsurface as well as the development of geophysical measurement and evaluation methods. The institute looks back on more than 50 years of experience in geophysical research.
The section Geochronology is specialised in Quaternary geochronology using luminescence and electron spin resonance (ESRElektronenspinresonanz-DatierungEine physikalische Datierungsmethode, die darauf beruht, daß die Menge magnetischer Anomalien im Probenmaterial proportional zur Lagerungszeit im Sediment ist.) methods. For Blessberg Cave the group is testing thermoluminescence (TL) dating of speleothems, which has a potential to date calcite up to ~2 million years. It is also planned to contribute in dating cave sediments.
@misc{zhang2023,
title = {Isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) dating of a speleothem from Bleßberg Cave},
author = {J. Zhang and J. Klose and M. Sierralta and S. Tsukamoto and D. Scholz and N. Marwan and S. Breitenbach},
editor = {17th International Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating conference (LED2023), Copenhagen (Denmark)},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-29},
urldate = {2023-06-29},
abstract = {The calcite thermoluminescence (TL) signal (280 °C peak) saturates at much higher doses (saturation dose up to 5000 Gy) compared to quartz and feldspar, which shows great potential to extend the dating limit. However, spurious TL signal occurred at the high temperature range hindered its application. The conventional multiple-aliquot additive-dose (MAAD) protocol used for TL dating applies extrapolation for equivalent dose (De) estimation, which also has large error. Isothermal TL (ITL) dating with the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol might be a promising way as it reduces the influence of the spurious TL signal, and it applies interpolation to obtain the De. However, this protocol has not been tested on samples with independent age control.
This study tests the ITL SAR dating protocol on a speleothem sample from Bleßberg cave, which has been accurately dated with 230Th/U (ca. 320–425 ka). ITL measurement at 235 °C for 200 °C can remove the 280 °C TL peak completely without TL contribution from higher temperature range. ITL De shows a plateau when the ITL temperature varies between 230 °C and 240 °C. Peak shifting and isothermal annealing tests indicate the 280 °C TL peak has a lifetime of tens of millions years at 10 °C, which is stable enough for the age range of this speleothem sample. The accurate alpha efficiency (α-value) and the U, Th distribution within the sample are measured to estimate the dose rate. The dose rate variation with time due to U-series disequilibrium is corrected for. The ITL ages are compared with the 230Th/U ages to evaluate the performance of the ITL dating protocol.},
note = {17th International Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating conference (LED2023), Copenhagen (Denmark)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
The calcite thermoluminescence (TL) signal (280 °C peak) saturates at much higher doses (saturation dose up to 5000 Gy) compared to quartz and feldspar, which shows great potential to extend the dating limit. However, spurious TL signal occurred at the high temperature range hindered its application. The conventional multiple-aliquot additive-dose (MAAD) protocol used for TL dating applies extrapolation for equivalent dose (De) estimation, which also has large error. Isothermal TL (ITL) dating with the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol might be a promising way as it reduces the influence of the spurious TL signal, and it applies interpolation to obtain the De. However, this protocol has not been tested on samples with independent age control.
This study tests the ITL SAR dating protocol on a speleothem sample from Bleßberg cave, which has been accurately dated with 230Th/UU/Th-DatierungDie U/Th-Datierung ist eine sehr präzise radiometrische Altersbestimmung auf Basis der Uran-Thorium-Zerfallsreihe. Das Uran zerfällt mit bekannten Halbwertszeiten (245.500 Jahre) zum Tochterelement Thorium. Stalagmiten bauen bei ihrem Wachstum (fast) nur das wasserlösliche Uran ein, während das schlecht bewegliche Thorium zum größten Teil im Boden und Epikarst über der Höhle verbleibt. Das kann man nutzen, um die Zeit zu berechnen, die seit der Ausfällung der untersuchten Karbonatprobe vergangen ist. Moderne massenspektrometrische Verfahren erlauben Altersbestimmungen mit der U/Th-Methode bis zu 700.000 Jahren vor Heute. (ca. 320–425 kaka BPMit "ka BP" sind "Tausend Jahre vor 1950" gemeint. Das "BP" steht für "before present", was in der Paläoklima-Wissenschaft als 1950 festgelegt wurde. "11.000 ka BP" bedeuted also 11 Tausend Jahre vor 1950, oder unter Verwendung unseres gewohnten Kalenders: 9050 v. Chr.). ITL measurement at 235 °C for 200 °C can remove the 280 °C TL peak completely without TL contribution from higher temperature range. ITL De shows a plateau when the ITL temperature varies between 230 °C and 240 °C. Peak shifting and isothermal annealing tests indicate the 280 °C TL peak has a lifetime of tens of millions years at 10 °C, which is stable enough for the age range of this speleothem sample. The accurate alpha efficiency (α-value) and the U, Th distribution within the sample are measured to estimate the dose rate. The dose rate variation with time due to U-series disequilibrium is corrected for. The ITL ages are compared with the 230Th/U ages to evaluate the performance of the ITL dating protocol.
@inproceedings{sierralta2015,
title = {Insights in Bleßberg cave: Speleothem chronology and geochemical research},
author = {Melanie Sierralta and Lutz Katzschmann and Wilhelm Nikonow and Dieter Rammlmair},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-23},
booktitle = {75. Jahrestagung der Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in Hannover},
abstract = {During construction works on the railway network between Ebensfeld and Erfurt a karst cave was found in the Bleßberg tunnel. The so called „Bleßberg Cave“ developed in limestone of the Lower Muschelkalk. The investigations by the Geological Survey of Thuringia (TLUG), the mining agency of Thuringia, and the incorporated society of cave explorer in Thuringia revealed impressing objects (stalagmites, stalactites, sinter, excentriques, cave lake, cave creek), which were partly sampled; furthermore the extent of the cave was measured. The more than 1000 m long cave had no natural entrance. Based on interdisciplinary studies on the sampled material information about the development and age of the cave will be obtained. Speleothem represent an impressive and unique archive for climate and palaeoenvironmental changes. The growth of stalagmites can be linked to warm climate phases of past. In these warm stages, the growth of stalagmites depends on the precipitation and the water supply; thus palaeoenvironmental conditions are preserved. The aim of this study is to decode the environmental condi- tions using high resolution techniques. Selected stalagmites and sinters were radiometrically dated by 230Th/U and analysed for their stable isotopic compositions. Furthermore, micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate trace element dis- tribution and identify growth phases of the speleothem. Most elements revealed the layered texture of the specimen while distribution of Al recorded the fractures. Some visibly identified hiatuses could be associated with changes in chemistry (Si, Fe). The determined 230Th/U ages on several speleothem samples range between 6 ka and 360 ka. In combination with high res- olution stable isotope investigation they provide insights into climatic changes from MIS 11 to the Holocene.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
During construction works on the railway network between Ebensfeld and Erfurt a karst cave was found in the Bleßberg tunnel. The so called „Bleßberg Cave“ developed in limestone of the Lower Muschelkalk. The investigations by the Geological Survey of Thuringia (TLUG), the mining agency of Thuringia, and the incorporated society of cave explorer in Thuringia revealed impressing objects (stalagmites, stalactites, sinter, excentriques, cave lake, cave creek), which were partly sampled; furthermore the extent of the cave was measured. The more than 1000 m long cave had no natural entrance. Based on interdisciplinary studies on the sampled material information about the development and age of the cave will be obtained. Speleothem represent an impressive and unique archive for climate and palaeoenvironmental changes. The growth of stalagmites can be linked to warm climate phases of past. In these warm stages, the growth of stalagmites depends on the precipitation and the water supply; thus palaeoenvironmental conditions are preserved. The aim of this study is to decode the environmental condi- tions using high resolution techniques. Selected stalagmites and sinters were radiometrically dated by 230Th/U and analysed for their stable isotopic compositions. Furthermore, micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate trace element dis- tribution and identify growth phases of the speleothem. Most elements revealed the layered texture of the specimen while distribution of Al recorded the fractures. Some visibly identified hiatuses could be associated with changes in chemistry (Si, Fe). The determined 230Th/U ages on several speleothem samples range between 6 ka and 360 ka. In combination with high res- olution stable isotopeIsotopChemische Elemente können aus verschieden aufgebauten Atomen gebildet sein. Die Anzahl Protonen im Atomkern ist zwar dabei gleich, aber die Anzahl der Neutronen kann variieren. Man spricht dann von Isotopen, deren Massen kleine, aber messbare Unterschiede aufweisen. Der Atomkern des Sauerstoffs besteht z. B. aus 8 Protonen und in der Regel aus 8 Neutronen. Es gibt aber auch Sauerstoff, dessen Kerne aus 8 Protonen und 9 oder 10 Neutronen bestehen (neben selteneren, instabilen Sauerstoffisotopen). Um das zu kennzeichnen, gibt man zusätzlich zum chemischen Symbol noch die Massenzahl (Summe aus Protonen und Neutronen) an, also 16O, 17O oder 18O. Die unterschiedlichen Isotope verhalten sich zwar chemisch identisch, physikalisch aber - aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen Gewichtes - leicht unterschiedlich. Damit stellen sie äusserst wertvolle Marker dar, die uns wichtige Hinweise zur Änderung des Klimas, der Umgebungsvegetation, Bodenaktivität und vielem mehr geben. investigation they provide insights into climatic changes from MISMIS"MIS" ist die Abkürzung für "marine isotope stage", übersetzt also "Isotopenstadium mariner Sedimente". Da sich beim Wechsel von Warm- zu Kaltzeiten (und umgekehrt) die Isotopenverhältnisse in den Kalkschalen kleiner Einzeller (Foraminiferen) auf dem Meeresboden ändern, werden diese zur Datierung herangezogen und lassen sich zur Eingruppierung verschiedener Klimazustände in der Vergangenheit nutzen. Die MIS werden rückwärts nummeriert (also größere Zahl = älter) und ungerade Zahlen stehen für Warmzeiten, gerade für Kaltzeiten. 11 to the Holocene.
